Introduction: Though education is a human right as emphasized in international and national policies and treaties, Uganda has one of the highest primary school dropout rates in East Africa. Despite the availability of opportunities for education through the UPE Programme, many children are not going to school and those that are, do not attend classes regularly. Eastern Uganda, where Mayuge and Jinja districts are located, is the 3rd poorest region in the country. Orphans and Vulnerable Children (OVC) form a particularly vulnerable group of children who are susceptible to chronic poverty, which limits their chances of accessing or finishing primary education, accessing health care, food and other necessities. This needs assessment survey was conducted to assess and identify vulnerable children/families to enroll in our CCUg sponsorship project. Methodology: The survey utilized a descriptive design employing quantitative methods of data collection. A total of 102 caregivers and their children were included in the study using purposive method of sampling. Ethical clearance and informed consent was sought before collecting data from respondents. A pretested modified version of the Integrated Care for Orphans and Other Vulnerable Children-A toolkit for Community Service Providers by the Ministry of Gender, Labour and Social Development was used to collect data. The questionnaire measured education, economic status and spending, food security and nutrition, housing, water and hygiene, health care and utilization, psychosocial support, child protection and safety, child self-esteem and resilience and depression of caregivers. Collected data was entered into the Statistical Package for Social Scientists (SPSS), where it was analyzed using descriptive statistics. Results: Most caregivers were unemployed or casual labourers (60.8%) earning an average of 20,000/= per month ($5.6) and utilizing 666/= or ($0.185) per day. The average number of dependents per caregiver was 5. Though most (55.9%) were not engaged in saving, they borrowed to meet their household s needs. The majority of caregivers (52.9%) were spending most on education and food (31.4%). The major challenge reported by respondents in improving their household income was inadequate capital, and while 69.1% desired to engage in IGAs, most (70.6%) did not have any requisite skills to do so. About 7 out of 10 respondents or (67.6%) were illiterate, and this was a major barrier in their involvement in their children s education. Six of every 10 respondents (61.4%) had at least 1 child not attending school in their households due to lack of school fees and scholastic materials. In addition, 8 of every 10 respondents children missed school at least 5 days last term due to sickness, lack of school fees/scholastic materials, issues with menstruation, or truancy among others. Three out of every 10 caregivers were HIV positive notwithstanding that a third of them did not know the status of their children. Furthermore, a good number of children (18.6%) known to be HIV positive were not on care/treatment. Likewise, 5.8% of caregivers had a physical disability. Only 1 caregiver and all her household members were sleeping in ITNs, which contributed to malaria among 85.3% of respondents and their household members. Less than half (41.2%) failed to access health care the last time a member of their household fell ill due to inability to afford transport and health care costs. The average amount of money used to access health care per respondent was 30,000/= and more than half (61.4%) of caregivers reported that a member of their household delayed/were unable to access health care due to financial constraints in the last 6 months.